A new review by Dr. Ruyuan Wang and an international team of researchers explores the complex interactions between the innate and adaptive immune systems, shedding light on regulatory mechanisms in ...

As a biologic and naturopathic dentist with more than 20 years of experience, the difference between fluoride applied topically to teeth versus systemic water fluoridation is substantial. Topical ...

Our immune system is divided into two main branches: innate and adaptive. Innate immune cells act as a first line of defense, quickly responding to invaders, while adaptive immune cells take a longer ...

Autoimmune diseases comprise more than 80 different diseases that have in common a burden on health systems and are of unknown etiology. In general, in most countries, autoimmune diseases affect an ...