When developing software for small microcontrollers, it is common to use assembly language in the final product. But there is still much value in prototyping the software and its algortihms in C. Here ...

The registers inside the CPU, the machine code instruction set, and the ways in which the instructions interact with the registers and status flags are all intertwined. As you may recall, one of my ...

First, architecture basics are detailed with information on the register sets, data types, and memory and instruction formats. Next, instruction set extensions are detailed, which include Intel® ...

An Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) defines the software interface through which for example a central processor unit (CPU) is controlled. Unlike early computer systems which didn’t define a ...