Bees (family: Apidae) are important ecologically and economically as primary pollinators of many natural and agricultural systems. Given current concerns about declining numbers of bees, many ...

Systematic sampling is straightforward and low risk, offering better control. However, it may introduce sampling errors and ...

Cleaning validation provides assurance that the quantity of residual substances collected from equipment surfaces are within permissible limits, helping to ensure quality control and safety in ...

The authors compare direct combustion with rinse and swab sampling methods. Cleaning validation provides assurance that the quantity of residual substances collected from equipment surfaces are within ...